Laravel Auth scaffolding does not render correctly

I have created a new Laravel 5.4 app. I ran php artisan make:auth to create the scaffolding. I ran npm run dev to compile the CSS/Javascript.

When visiting /login the page does not render - it's as if there is just HTML without the CSS.

The error in the browser console is:

Uncaught ReferenceError: $ is not defined
    at app.js:1

The layouts/app.blade.php file includes app.js and app.css as expected.

Why isn't it rendering correctly? Have I missed a step in the auth set up?

via Chebli Mohamed