server error 500, while entering wrong address in Laravel 5

I have a Laravel 5.0 project. When I enter wrong link on locahost, Laravel redirects me to custom error template, using this code on app\Exceptions\Handler.php.

public function render($request, Exception $e)
{
    if($this->isHttpException($e)){
        switch ($e->getStatusCode()) {
            case '404':
                \Log::error($e);
                return \Response::view('error');
                break;

            case '500':
                \Log::error($exception);
                return \Response::view('error');
                break;

            default:
                return $this->renderHttpException($e);
                break;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        return parent::render($request, $e);
    }
}

After moving my laravel project to shared Hosting (not Linux) site does not redirect me to custom error template (views/error.blade.php), while entering wrong address which does not exist in app/http/routes.php. I tried many solutions, configured .htaccess file, but did not get a result. Error.log is empty. Here is my .htaccess file:

AddHandler application/x-httpd-php54 .php

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
    <IfModule mod_negotiation.c>
        Options -MultiViews
    </IfModule>

    RewriteEngine On

    # Redirect Trailing Slashes...
    RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ /$1 [L,R=301]

    # Handle Front Controller...

    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
    RewriteRule ^ index.php [L]
</IfModule>

I also tried remove RewriteCond and RewriteRule lines. In this case I can get 404 error page, but it brings me problems:

1) Laravel will not recognize aliases, if exists. For example (www.site.com/news)

2) Laravel will not send post requests to another page, for example (www.site.com/post)

3) Laravel will not display custom error template (views/error.blade.php) if I type wrong address, which not exists in app/http/routes.php, For example (www.site.com/wrong)

For accessing site without public, I made some changes: 1) I moved all files from public_html, except public folder to applicaton folder. Then, moved files from public folder into public_html.

2) Little changes in index.php

before:

require __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/autoload.php';
$app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';

after:

require __DIR__.'/application/bootstrap/autoload.php';
$app = require_once __DIR__.'/application/bootstrap/app.php';

My files structure in public_html:

application
    app (inside application folder)
    server.php (inside application folder)
.htaccess
index.php

via Chebli Mohamed